index.html 100644 765 765 637063 6506707512 13103 0 ustar sarantos sarantos
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. , , . . .
MultiOops (Multimedia
Object Oriented Programming Slang)
.
,
.
,
,
. MultiOops
standards
.
MHEG
PREMO standard.
Abstract
There is a growing number of programming environments and multimedia authoring tools available on all major computing platforms. Each one provides its own, almost unique, definition of the term "multimedia document/application" which entails a specific authoring model, spanning from simple flow-charts to complex programming environments. The simpler models appeal to inexperienced multimedia developers/authors but lack the power to support sophisticated and highly interactive multimedia applications. The programming environments appeal to specialized programmers but provide powerful capabilities.
MultiOops (Multimedia Object Oriented Programming Slang) was designed
to support complex applications and be attractive to the inexperienced
audience at the same time. By providing a fully object oriented
environment allows the intricacies of implementation to be hidden
in the abstraction classes provided. On the other hand, its Open
Architecture allows among other things, the expansion of the programming
language itself, providing a way to experienced programmers to
create new classes and use them in complex highly interactive
applications. MultiOops can also be used to support the MHEG standard
as a graphic authoring tool, or be fully converted to a PREMO-aware
programming environment.
11. 12. ' 1 2 4 2. , 71. (multimedia document) 72. 82.1 scripting 82.2 tagging 92.3 iconic/ flow control ( /scripting) 92.4 card-page ( /scripting) 112.5 Frame ( /scripting) 122.6 Score ( /scripting) 122.7 Structured /Hierarchical 14 3.MultiOops: 161. (multimedia content creation) 162. , . 172.1 ' ' - raw materials management 172.2 - 182.3 '-' 232.4 - 253. (event management) 294. MultiOops 32 4. MultiOops 351. - 352. 362.1 Book Manager 372.2 Material Manager 382.3 Class Manager 392.4 Screen/ Editor 422.5 Compiler 433. Run time Engine 44 5. 50Author Once Model 50 internet 51 (standards) 52LMDM (Layered Multimedia Data Model) 53PREMO (Presentation Environments for Multimedia Objects) 54 55 . 57 59WWW-Resources 60
1
(Multimedia authoring
tools)
CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering) tools, . , , . ' ( ), , , video, . :
. ,
.
,
;
( C/C++)
' ;
" "
.
,
, video,
.
.
,
.
hardware.
hardware
, hardware
(..
) . ,
:
. , format (.. 16bit color RGB(555) RGB(565) ). |
? . / ? mixing hardware software? |
Video |
, video . |
formats ? JPEG, ? |
formats . , hardware .
. ( 'drag & drop') . , . - , , video. , , . "JPEG ( )", "GIF (256 )" "16 bit stereo", 256 8 bit mono , 256 , format .
-. , ,
'point & click' interface.
.
,
.
1. , , , .
drag & drop interface
,
, video,
..
, ,
.
.
.
.
,
.
,
(
) (code reusability)
- -
,
.
,
,
, .
,
(level of interactivity),
,
.
.
: |
|
|
|
|
. , , . , .
, . Basic , . . . . . interfaces , (click drag & drop), animation .
, script , (natural languages). . .
, (interpreter). , CPU , . , , . animations , .
authoring tool '' (front end) , . . , :
, DLLs . , , . . , . , `` . 2 ODBC ( ), MCI ( ) DLL ( ).
,
,
.
,
, ,
. , ,
,
.
,
.
,
.
2
. , . , . , . , video, . '' (multimedia documents) . (user-driven development). , , . . .
, video.
.
.
(--).
.
multimedia
document
,
. ' '
,
.
,
.
, ,
multimedia documents
, .
.
.
set win=main_win
set cursor=wait
clear win
put background "mountain.gif"
put text "heading.txt" at 10,0
put picture "house.gif" at 20,10
play sound "birds.wav"
set cursor active
(
), (sequencing),
(buttons,
hotspots), .
(object-based vs object-oriented).
,
point & click interface.
.
(..
) .
GLPro, TenCore,
Autodesk runtime player.
scripting authoring tools
.
, ,
.
- (tags, keywords). , . , ( scripting ), .
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<BODY BACKGROUND="/images/mountain.gif" >
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Hi ho travellers
<IMG SRC="/images/house.gif" ALIGN="BOTTOM">
<H1>WELCOME</H1>
HTML
(HyperText Markup Language)
SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language)
tags
, video.
,
(Java, Javascript,
plugins).
help-files (.HLP)
windows
RTF (Rich
Text Format)
, , video
tags. To
- compiler
.HLP .
, indexing
help files
manuals.
' . , . ' ', ' 3 secs', 'if <> then <> else <>' ' 3' , . animation, . . .
4. , . , '' .
,
,
interface
(rapid prototyping).
,
.
5. petri-nets . , . .
.
CBT (Computer
Based Training) kiosk
,
.
''
. H
. Authorware,
,
(nested icons)
. IconAuthor ,
,
/ (zoom
in/out) .
.
( ) . (stack). , , video . events ' ( ) x,y' ' ' . , '' . 'On_mousebutton_down' 'go to page 3', . ( ) script .
6. . , .
(events).
.
. '' ,
,
.
,
(simulation
& visualization)
interface
.
,
,
.
7. Conceptual design
Quest.
.
, page/card . , . (conceptual design), . page/card . , . (debugging).
Quest,
. script
C,
-
.
(compilation
vs interpretation)
'' .
timeline-based ' ' . , . score (music score) . .
animation.
,
.
,
.
8. Timeline based authoring. . . .
Director,
animation
.
frames (
1/30 sec
frame rate=30). O
.
.
,
. 10
. ,
. ' ' (local
scope)
,
.
10. .
CMIFed
.
10
. CMIFed
.
'
.
3
. , , . , , . .
MultiOops
- Multimedia Object Oriented Programming Slang.
.
, ,
.
,
.
,
,
.
. (built-in tools) '' . . MultiOops .
. MultiOops
.
,
.
.
( ) .
top-down
, bottom-up
,
, MultiOops
.
To . icons - .. . :
)
) animation
) video
) (samples)
) (midi)
)
.
,
, , (format),
hot-words
.
video animation
'
. MultiOops
format. To video
,
.
animation
( ), ,
frames
(
)
,
.
animation video
. '' .
hardware
.
. ''-''-'
hardware
(synthesizer)
.
,
.
MultiOops
.
11. . .
MultiOops.
.
.
. ,
,
.
.
. :
.
BitmapClass
(attributes) x y
. AnimationClass,
VideoClass TextClass
-
-
.
(sample midi)
video
Play .
hardware
(, )
.
( 11).
Bitmap Class | WaveClass | VideoClass |
data | data | data |
integer width, height | integer width, height | |
integer x,y | integer x,y | |
float length | float length | |
integer samples | integer frames | |
rawIndex data | rawIndex data | rawIndex data |
methods | methods | methods |
redraw( ) | play( ) | play( ) |
pause( ) | pause( ) | |
jumpTo( time ) | jumpTo( time ) | |
jumpToSample( sample ) | jumpToSample( sample ) | |
rewind( ) | rewind( ) | |
hide( ) | hide( ) | |
show( ) | show( ) |
.
hardware
. Mouseclass
mouse
GetMouseCoords,
SetMouseCoords, SetMouseInvisible ..
events (hardware
software)
.
12. . (1) BitmapClass. Foo () bitmap, wave integer. foo , , drag ( integer).
.
.
(Materials Manager)
drag
BitmapClass.
3
,
- ,
.
(data)
(index)
' .
BitmapClass
(Class Manager)
bitmap
.
(
),
.
.
,
.
. ButtonClass. mouse . ( ). (.. ). 4. drag . , Bitmap Button.
.
.
.
ButtonClass
button
.
.
ButtonClass |
data |
bitmap unpressed |
bitmap pressed |
bitmap rollover |
pageIndex targetPage |
methods |
setState( state ) |
animation
.
(
),
. animation
: ()
, () animation
' ' ()
.
. (cloning),
,
- prototyping-
.
.
.
,
.
, ,
.
(raw multimedia data)
.
.
'' ,
. ,
. ,
,
,
.
''
( Class Manager)
,
(navigate/select/use)
, .
.
, video,
.
(structures)
,
Quest
C .
,
, ,
.
, .
.
.
.
MultiOops
. ''
( ,
).
14. button ButtonClass . , . ButtonClass (hybrid2) . ' - . hybrid 1 , .
, ButtonClass
bitmaps.
3 bitmaps.
' ,
,
bitmaps
.
(dragging
bitmaps
) multiOops
-.
.
.
- -
.
'
. H
.
:
, bitmap,
. '
'
,
( 4, targetPage
).
(constructor) . , . ('-' ) . ( ) . - (.. ) ''. , constructor, .
.
,
,
.
. . , , ( ) .. . ( ), , . , .
MultiOops
-
.
, .
.
,
.
.
,
animations
video ,
,
.
,
.
15. . . chapter1 , 4 . , multioops . , .
() . . , . , , , , . (folders) . MultiOops [folders] , [files] .
, . page/scripting card-stacks . . frame-based , (1-1) frame-. / , , .
. () - . ( ) . . ( ) . , (path) Chapter03/Paragraph12/Page4. , '' , '' . . 4 5 (links) . (aliases). Foo Bar. Foo Bar. o , FooLaw BarLaw . .
.
:
/
. :
. time-based
''
.
16. time-based : .
MultiOops
.
,
,
.
,
.
.
,
.
,
.
(.. link
),
( ).
,
.
,
'' ,
.
17.
(/ ).
, ''
.
video
,
video
''.
.
.
,
.
, MultiOops
(events) -
- .
hardware interrupts,
,
.
()
(),
,
.
,
.
, MultiOops
(Event Manager)
. '
.
(Ms Windows style).
Event Manager
(X windows style).
'
.
MultiOops
.
Event Manager
,
.
,
. ( 18).
' (run time environment). hardware events , .. .
'', (internal events), Event Manager . . dragging, rollovers .. dragging click , ( ) , . Mouse_Down, Mouse_Up, Mouse_Move. Mouse_Move - , . dragging , . event manager _Dragging_ '' Drag_End . Drag_End , . message translation . hardware "key down", "key up" "character X pressed".
,
' ', ' ' ,
(initialization/cleanup tasks).
, ' 5 secs'.
animation
frame-update,
,
.
. . , Wave_End. , event manager o , . Wave_End , .
, , . . (.. ) .
,
' .
VideoPlayerClass
VideoClass
. Video_End
.
video .
(object private events)
. video
Video_End,
VideoPlayer
.
Video_End
,
VideoPlayer
.
.
, .
. , ( ) . script ( Quest) (C/C++) simulations. MultiOops ( "") (Integrated Development Environment).
'' (templates) . , (late binding). hierarchical authoring tools (2o , . 2.6).
MultiOops page , . , time-based .
. multimedia experts. prototype , . , , . , multimedia expert , ( multimedia expert) . pipeline multimedia expert. " 1", " 2" "".
(snapshots) . , . MultiOops debugger , ( playback) . time-based (.. time=0.3 secs frame=32) ' . '' . . (playback) . ( screen-capturing video ) . event manager hardware, .
MultiOops
2.
page-tools
hierarchical-tools.
script-tools.
,
.
4
MultiOops . , . . (modules) . , . , . , .
, (submodules) . . plug-ins . plug-ins . plugins .
H multiOops DLL (dynamically linked libraries). :
19. MultiOops. To Page Editor . compiler , .
MultiOops
.
/,
.
.
, , .
.
20.
.
.
21. .
Book Manager top-down . Material Manager Screen Editor.
. DLL . (.. 1. ) . plug-in ( ) .
Book
Manager plug-ins
: O Book Manager
DLL
formats
(
) .
<".txt","txtFunc">.
Book Manager
plugins
,
DLL.
22. MultiOops. . (toolbar) images, animation, video, samples, midi text. plug-ins .
.
,
video.
.
,
. Material
Manager
(.. PCX,GIF,JPEG
)
.
Book Manager
plugins
,
formats
.
.
.
.
JPEG
.
plugin
,
--
. '
JPEG
animation
.
. . . , . (source files) . . , . .
24. MultiOops, ( ). (animation). 'internal' .
, , . , . . . MultiOops. . C plugins. ( , .) . hardware . hardware (.3) -plugins . . MultiOops .
. ImageClass (rotation, flipping ..) , . ImageClass BitmapClass . . -plugins . plugin (interpreted) MultiOops . LineClass, RectangleClass, CircleClass .. (run-time rendering OpenGL).
plugged-in
.
, .
, .
.
plugin
ButtonClass
.
animations,
(
clipart).
ClassManager
DLLs
. DLL
.
'
'' DLL,
.
, DLLs
.
, ' . . . , . background .
. , ImageClass ( interaction), , MyMouseClicks() .
RegisterForEvent(HouseImage,MOUSE_CLICK,MyMouseClicks)
- HouseImage .
compiler. . , (.. Director ToolBook). , MultiOops .
.
,
.
.
.
z (
).
background
.
,
z
.
. ' . . . video - . ' scores bookmarks .
Page/Book Manager
.
html .
html
MultiOops
.
MultiOops . . (Virtual Machine) . compiler VM. . CPU. .
compiler Class manager . Page Editor . , . PageClass . (instance) . , constructor ( , ). constructor , "" "" "". Ӵ . RegisterForEvent 2.4 , constructor . .
. . ' (global). C++ namespaces. namespaces , . , . , o .
compiler
MultiOops
.
,
MultiOops
compiler .
,
. '
plug-in
Java,
C++
. compiler
, ,
. compiler
MultiOops
.
,
.
. . :
, , . ( ). , , , animation .
:
, animation video.
, video . video formats . , video. drivers ( ) video, drivers . drivers .
o double buffering dirty rectangles. Video Ram - , AGP. (virtual screen). virtual screen . flickering tearing (, "" ). , , dirty rectangles. (dirty) frame VideoRam .
animations
,
.
animation
Event Manager
x msecs
frame,
.
,
(bounding rectangle).
26. - .
"1"
, "2"
,
.
.
midi
.
. midi
(stream)
<, ,
> . '
synthesizer.
- samples
( ).
.
hardware
drivers.
.
.
.
x
. ,
() .
. multiOops
script
.
,
.
.
27. DAC buffer , mixer buffer 2. buffer . buffer , . o buffer CPU . 0.25 secs buffer .
DAC (Digital to Analog Converter) , . samples ( DMA) ( interrupt). Ram . H buffer DAC. clicks and pops (??) . double buffering. buffer, , .
samples
. o
( )
bits
scaling
.
clipping
( ). 28
.
""
.
,
DAC
buffer
buffer.
CPU
'
.
28. mixer
.
buffer,
buffer,
.
5
(binary) email . , . email . . , , . .
, . ' . . .
MultiOops
.
.
,
.
(document)
-
.
.
. ' ', ' ', '', '' . , , CPU, , . . , . Ms Windows video AVI hardware PC Macintosh QuickTime video . MPEG , standard, software hardware .
.
.
,
bits .
(..
)
(Quality Of Service)
""
.
, internet. H internet standard . World Wide Web HTML. HTML internet (server), o (client) . internet WWW-browser - ShockWave Director. internet. Java , ( ).
internet
, , .
.
, video
.
'
'. ,
, WWW browsers ,
(
) .
interlaced
.
{:Application ("~/startup" 0)
:OnStartUp (:TransitionTo (("~/myScene" 0)))
}
{:Scene ("~/myScene" 0)
:Items (
{:Bitmap 1 // Bitmap
:CHook 2
:OrigContent :ContentRef("~/sample.xpm")
:OrigBoxSize 150 150
:OrigPosition 300 200
}
{:Link 101 // Run
:EventSource 0
:EventType UserInput
:EventData 1 // UP Arrow
:LinkEffect (:Run(1))
}
{:Link 102 // Stop
:EventSource 0
:EventType UserInput
:EventData 2 // DOWN Arrow
:LinkEffect (:Stop(1))
}
{:Link 1001 // Next Scene
:EventSource 0
:EventType UserInput
:EventData 15 // Return
:LinkEffect (:TransitionTo(("~/NextScene" 0)))
}
)
:InputEventReg 1
:SceneCS 600 400
}
, . . . MHEG. 29. MHEG textual notation
To MHEG (Multimedia and Hypermedia information coding Experts Group) standard (interchange) , client-server . MHEG standard . MHEG standard :
MHEG-5 links ,actions, streams, variables, audio, rectangle bitmaps . (MHEG-1) script MHEG-2. To MHEG-6 "" ( plugins MultiOoops). MHEG 'scenes' ' MultiOops. scenes .
MHEG
.
MultiOops
plugin
MHEG
(scenes-pages,
common object models, object sharing ).
MHEG
MultiOops
, MHEG
( 29).
MHEG
"declarative model"
, .
MHEG-6
(
) standard
.
To LMDM , . , . hardware '' . internet (server-client model). LMDM :
Control Layer | => MM Composition |
Data Presentation Layer | => MM Presentation |
Data Manipulation Layer | => MM Event |
Data Definition Layer | => MM Object |
To Data Definition Layer - , / (runtime) , . hardware, .
Data Manipulation Layer " events" LMDM. Event . events, "concatenation",. "overlay", "wait-until-signal" . .
Data Presentation Layer events hardware. x , y . events, animation, , font (link).
Control Layer
MM presentations (
)
( composition).
presentations (hyperlinks)
user interface
composition
"preference files"
"bookmark features".
To PREMO standard . . standard ( .. MHEG). O 'multimedia' PREMO , Virtual reality environments real-time 3D rendering, sound video mixing. To PREMO .
MultiOops PREMO . (, , video) events . Controllers FSMs (Finite State Machines) . , , PREMO GKS PHIGS components. Producers Porters. Porters hardware, .. , video ram. Producers , 3d renderer. Producers Porters "push-model" network. virtual reality 3d engine pipeline :
"3d data import from disk" (porter)
"3d object transofrmation" (producer)
"3d object clipping" (producer)
"renderer" (producer)
"display on VideoRam" (porter)
Push-model
( 3d object
), ""
,
.
, standards. . ( - ) , standard .
. MHEG , MHEG ITV (Interactive TV). To . Director Toolbook ( ) MHEG. MHEG .
PREMO hardware . PREMO Java.
MultiOops standards LMDM. MultiOops " ". . MultiOops PREMO , MHEG .
standards MultiOops . -, . MultiOops . MultiOops - - .
A
[1] L.Ball,
"Multimedia
Network Integration & Management",
McGraw-Hill 1996
[2] M. Korolenko, "Writing
for Multimedia, a guide and sourcebook for the digital writer",
Integrated Media Group 1997
[3] A. Druin, C. Solomon, "Designing Multimedia Environments
for Children", Jhohn Wiley & Sons 1996
[4] Ross Cutler and Kasim S. Candan, "Multimedia Authoring
Systems", Chapter
from "Multimedia Database Systems",
Springer-Verlag
[5] D. Dingeldein, "Modelling Multimedia Objects with
MME" Fourth Eurographics Workshop on Object-Oriented
Graphics, 1994
[6] D. Dingeldein, "Multimedia interactions and how they
can be realized", Darmstut Computer Graphics Center,
Germany
[7] Dick C.A. Bulterman and Lynda Hardman, "Multimedia
Authoring Tools: State of the Art and Research Challenges",
CWI, 1995
[8] I. Herman, G.J.Reynolds and J.Van Loo, " PREMO: An
emerging standard for multimedia presentation", CWI,
1995
[9] H.L. Hardman, G. van Rossum , D.C.A. Bulterman "Structured
multimedia authoring", CWI, 1993
[10] Price "MHEG: An introduction to the future international
standard for hypermedia object interchange", Proceedings
of the ACM Multimedia Conference, pages 121-128, 1993
[11] G. Van Rossum, J. Jansen, K. Mullender and D.Bulterman "CMIFed:
A presentation environment for portable hypermedia documents",
Proceedings of the ACM Multimedia Conference, pages 183-188,
August 1993
[12] G. Schloss and M. Wynblatt "Building Temporal Structures
in a layered multimedia data model", Proceedings of the
ACM Multimedia Conference,pages 271-278, 1994
[13] G. Schloss and M. Wynblatt "A layered model for multimedia
data" In the 3d Int Workshop on Information Technologies
and Systems, pages 142-151, 1993
[14] G.Schloss and M WynBlatt "Presentation Layer Primitives
for the layered multimedia data model" Proceedings of
the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and
Systems, 1995
[15] K. Candan, V.S
Subrahmanian and P. Rangan, "Towards a Theory of Collaborative
Multimedia", IEEE
International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems,
Japan, June 96
[16] D. Bulterman, "Embedded
Video in Hypermedia Documents: Supporting Integration and Adaptive
Control", ACM
Transactions on Information Systems, Oct 1995
[17] MHEG-5 Overview
http://www.fokus.gmd.de/ovma/mug/archives/doc/mheg-reader/rd1206.html
[18] MHEG information
http://www.mheg.org
[19] Multimedia Authoring Systems FAQ
http://www.uni-giessen.de/faq/archiv/multimedia.authoring-systems/msg00000.html
[20] Multimedia Authoring Languages
http://www.mcli.dist.maricopa.edu/authoring/lang.html
[21] Apple Media Tool
http://amt.apple.com/
[22] IconAuthor, CBT Express
http://www.aimtech.com/
[23] Everest Authoring System
http://www.insystem.com/everest.htm
[24] Object Oriented
Multimedia Toolkit (MME-Multimedia Extensions)
http://zgdv.igd.fhg.de/www/zgdv-uig/software/MME/
[25] Director, Authorware
http://www.macromedia.com/
[26] ToolBook
http:://www.asymetrix.com/
[27] Quest
http://www.allencomm.com/
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