| Abstract |
The present dissertation examines social oppositions due to the contradiction between productive forces and productive relationships of capitalistic economic formation in the civil society. The aforementioned oppositions may lead to the birth of the value of solidarity. The dissertation, based on the dialectical materialism, displays those sections of Marxian Capital which deal with the production of supervalue, absolute and relative, the different kinds of cooperation in capitalistic productive procedure, the historic inclination and the laws of capitalistic accumulation. Accordingly, the dissertation comes to the following conclusions: on the one hand there is a surplus, outcome of total social work thanks to the produced supervalue. On this surplus rises a demand: to be transformed from individual to social property after a solidary organization of social life. On the other hand, many forms of regulative solidarity emerge, during the procedure of political intervention in order to smooth ungoverned economic procedures. Therefore, we have a number of rational institutional changes that have to do with the regulation of the working day, state laws for elementary health care and the education of industrial workers. In this occasion the state rises as the guarantor of social interest. Furthermore, the dissertation studies how cooperation in the capitalistic production is developing as a social massive force that enhances productivity and may lead the subjects of work (the workers themselves) to the socialization of the productive means. This can be achieved by the common political and unionist solidary organization and action, which intensifies the productivity, shortens the duration of working day, increases free time for personal development and support of social demands. Finally, the dissertation describes the laws of capitalistic accumulation and how these affect the destiny of the working class. According to these laws, the capital is gradually concentrated and modified to a monopolistic form. It is also accumulated while it is deprived of the capability to reinvest itself; it sustains structural changes-a fact that means increase in the stable capital at the expense of the changing capital-and attracts and repels irregularly working forces. This way, the capital regulates the “sacred” law of “supply and demand” in its own interest. However, while the capital reproduces itself, it reproduces also its inconsistencies. These are all those social goals which arise unconsciously and are not planned during the capitalistic production. A kind of such an inconsistency is the existence of unemployed industrial workers which, once realizing their social position and acting together with the active working class, will achieve to disorganize the law of “supply and demand” in the interest of the entire working world.
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Θεμελίωση της κοινωνικής αλληλεγγύης στο ώριμο έργο του Κ. Μάρξ
