Home Αριθμητικές προσομοιώσεις της επίδρασης διαλυτών στην τροποσφαιρική χημεία
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Identifier | 000324887 | |||
Title | Αριθμητικές προσομοιώσεις της επίδρασης διαλυτών στην τροποσφαιρική χημεία | |||
Alternative Title | Numerical simulations of the impact of solvents on tropospheric chemistry | |||
Author | Περάκης, Λάζαρος Γ | |||
Thesis advisor | Κανακίδου, Μαρία | |||
Abstract |
Such global estimates are prohibited by the large number of species used as solvents today and hence, by the even greater number of chemical species that are involved in their atmospheric chemical degradation. To overpass these limitations for global models, a small number of compounds must be selected to represent in the model all solvents in use today. In addition a reduced degradation scheme has to be used, to maintain a limited number of chemical species suitable for consideration into a global model. The aim of the present study is the estimate of the impact of solvents in use and of their possible replacement with selected oxygenated compounds, on the oxidizing power of the atmosphere and particularly on ozone, nitric oxide, PAN and SOA levels. The study is performed on local scale using box models and on global scale using a global 3-dimensional chemistry-transport model of the troposphere. The eleven VOCs selected to represent all solvents in use in the present study are: decane, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, benzene, toluene, xylene, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and 2-butoxy ethanol. As replacement solvents, the following twenty oxygenated VOCs are studied: allyl alcohol (AA), 1-buten-3-ole (BA), crotyl alcohol (CA), 2,4 pentadione (PDIONE), 2,5 hexadione (HDIONE), butyl vinyl ether (BVE), ethyl vinyl ether (EVE), isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE), methyl vinyl ether (MVE), ethylene glycol vinyl ether (MVE1), diethyleneglycol monovinyl ether (MVE2), propylene vinyl ether (PVE), terbutyl vinyl ether (TBVE), dipropylene glycol monoethylether (DPM), dodecyl vinyl ether (DDVE), octadecyl vinyl ether (ODVE), cyclohexane dimethanol divinyl ether (CHDVE), ethylene glycol divinyl ether (DVE1), diethyleneglycol divinyl ether (DVE2) and triethyleneglycol divinyl ether (DVE3). This study shows that total solvent abolishment reduces ozone and PAN concentrations by up to 5 and 15% respectively and increases nitric oxide concentrations by less than 5%. No more than 3% of the global and of the European ozone and nitric oxide tropospheric chemical production, are due to solvent use emissions. Changes in pollutants concentrations, as a result of solvent replacements, are generally low and often, instead of reductions, increases of pollutants concentrations are calculated. This is not the case for anthropogenic SOA production, where the impact of the solvents, as well as their replacements, is considerable. In particular, we have calculated that about 25% and 30% of anthropogenic SOA production on global and European scale respectively, are due to solvent use emissions. Solvent replacement could decrease global and European tropospheric production of anthropogenic SOA up to 21,9% and 24,2% respectively. |
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Language | Greek | |||
Issue date | 2008-02-29 | |||
Collection | School/Department--School of Sciences and Engineering--Department of Chemistry--Doctoral theses | |||
Type of Work--Doctoral theses | ||||
Views | 377 |
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