Post-graduate theses
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Identifier |
000454371 |
Title |
Mechanisms of epithelial organization and cell packing during ectoderm formation in the crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis |
Alternative Title |
Μηχανισμοί επιθηλιακής οργάνωσης και στοίβαξης κυττάρων κατά την δημιουργία του εκτοδέρματος του καρκινοειδούς Parhyale hawaiensis |
Author
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Καλογερίδη, Μαρία Ε.
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Thesis advisor
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Παυλόπουλος, Αναστάσιος
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Reviewer
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Δελιδάκης, Χρήστος
Streichan, Sebastian
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Abstract |
Epithelial morphogenesis -the process through which epithelial tissues acquire functional
architectures- is driven by changes in cell numbers, shapes and packing. Such changes can result
from forces generated at the cellular level. The actomyosin contractility is a main source of force
that orchestrates the cell behaviors during epithelial morphogenesis. The mechanisms and the
dynamic processes that underlie epithelial morphogenesis are under intense investigation in
diverse developmental contexts and model organisms. In this Master’s thesis, I combined confocal
time-lapse microscopy with quantitative image analysis to investigate the mechanisms that drive
the organization and packing of cells in the ectoderm of the crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis, an
emerging model organism. During Parhyale ectoderm morphogenesis, the tissue becomes
organized into a highly ordered array of rows and columns of cells. This grid-like arrangement
emerges from the progressive addition of cell rows from a pool of unorganized cells at its posterior
end, together with stereotyped anterior-posterior-oriented cell divisions in each row. I show that
during this process, the nascent Parhyale ectoderm transitions from a hexagonal honeycomb-like
pattern, which is typical for most epithelia, into a lattice of predominantly 4-sided square and
rectangular cells. I then describe the myosin II dynamics at the subcellular and supracellular scale
that correlate and presumably mediate the cell shape changes, cell rearrangements and cell sorting
events that occur during Parhyale ectoderm morphogenesis. Finally, I demonstrate the first use of
laser ablations in Parhyale embryos that will be a valuable tool to probe the mechanical properties
of cells and tissues in vivo. This work sets the stage for future functional studies that will combine
imaging of developing embryos with genetic, drug and mechanical perturbations to connect the
biochemical with the biophysical basis of epithelial tissue morphogenesis
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Language |
English |
Subject |
Actin |
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Cell rearrangement |
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Cell shape |
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Confocal microscopy |
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Embryonic development |
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Epithelial morphogenesis |
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Image analysis |
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Myosin |
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Ακτίνη |
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Ανάλυση εικόνας |
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Εμβρυική ανάπτυξη |
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Κυτταρικές αναδιατάξεις |
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Κυτταρικό σχήμα |
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Μορφογένεση επιθηλιακών ιστών |
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Μυοσίνη |
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Συνεστιακή μικροσκοπία |
Issue date |
2023-03-24 |
Collection
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School/Department--School of Sciences and Engineering--Department of Biology--Post-graduate theses
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Type of Work--Post-graduate theses
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Permanent Link |
https://elocus.lib.uoc.gr//dlib/5/c/d/metadata-dlib-1678979888-143441-18698.tkl
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Views |
479 |
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