Doctoral theses
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Identifier |
000455146 |
Title |
Political polarization and economic inequality in the European Union |
Alternative Title |
Πολιτική πόλωση και οικονομική ανισότητα εντός της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης |
Author
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Ραλλάτου, Διονυσία
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Thesis advisor
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Τζουβελέκας Βαγγέλης
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Reviewer
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Καλαϊτζιδάκης Παντελής
Πετράκης Εμμανουήλ
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Abstract |
In the last 5 decades political polarization has been constantly rising. After going through a short period of consensus for a couple of decades after the end of WWII, it seems that politicians have opted for a strategy of hatred in order to increase partisanship and maximize voter turnout. This has led to a high level of political fractionalization today both in parliaments as well as among citizens. While this subject has been vastly studied in the USA, little can be found regarding the European Union, and even more so on a cross country level. In this thesis, we study the evolution of political polarization in 10 countries in the European Union for a thirty-years period, namely from 1989 until 2019. In order to do so, we use an index which takes under account both the heterogeneity between groups as well as the homogeneity within groups. The procedure of estimating the polarization index in each country is based on the ideal point estimation of the self-placement perception of voters. Utilizing individual level survey data on the self-placement of voters as well as their placement of their countries’ parties, we estimate, non-parametrically, with the aid of a Gaussian kernel, and the application of a probabilistic scaling method, the probability density function of the distribution of public political opinion. We apply on these results the index of political polarization. The index is based on the “Identification-Alienation” framework. According to this, political polarization increases with the increase of heterogeneity among groups (the further away clusters move from each other) as well as the increase in homogeneity within groups (the stronger the identification sentiment between the members of each cluster).Additionally, we test the interrelationship between political polarization and two economic variables, namely income inequality and economic growth. Regressions are performed using the Fixed Effects method as well as the Random Effects Method. In both methods, individuals’ effects are also allowed for. As expected, results indicate that political polarization is positively affected by income inequality and negatively affected by economic growth.
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Language |
English |
Subject |
Affective polarization |
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Alienation |
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Gini coefficient |
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Gross Domestic Product |
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Heterogeneity |
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Homogeneity |
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Identification |
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Inequality |
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Polarization index |
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Political Polarization |
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Ακαθάριστο Εγχώριο Προϊόν |
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Ανισότητα |
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Αποξένωση |
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Δείκτης πόλωσης |
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Ετερογένεια |
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Ομοιογένεια |
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Πολιτική πόλωση |
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Συντελεστής Gini |
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Ταύτιση |
Issue date |
2022-11-30 |
Collection
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School/Department--School of Social Sciences--Department of Economics--Doctoral theses
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Type of Work--Doctoral theses
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Permanent Link |
https://elocus.lib.uoc.gr//dlib/8/b/e/metadata-dlib-1683105193-28603-19198.tkl
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Views |
491 |