Post-graduate theses
Current Record: 5230 of 6516
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| Identifier |
uch.chemistry.msc//2005terzakis |
| Title |
Ανάπτυξη μεθοδολογίας για την παραγωγή βιοντίζελ σε πρότυπο αντιδραστήρα και ποιοτική ανάλυση του παραγόμενου εναλλακτικού καυσίμου |
| Creator |
Terzakis, Stilianos
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| Abstract |
Alkali catalyzed, two-stage process for biodiesel production from used vegetable oils mixture and evaluation of its fuel properties and specifications. The European Union Directive 2003/30/EU for biofuels, under the prism of increased environmental concerns (combating climate change, reducing local environmental loads), energy and (free) market policies (achieving full utilization of renewable energy resources; creating jobs and income in an EU increasing to 25 member countries; contributing forward to a secure supply of energy), and several other socioeconomic aspects] is driving industry to produce biodiesel in order to supply the markets in each country with an appropriate proportion of the conventional fuel demand. Biodiesel is the product of the reaction of vegetable oils and animal fats with alcohols and it has many fuel specifications similar with those of conventional (e.g. petrogenic) diesel. This new fuel seems to be environmentally friendlier by means of safer exhaust emissions, even of exhaust pollutants of diesel specified by low-sulphur content. In fact the need for using low-sulphur diesel led to a decreasing lubricity, which has been suggested to improve by blending conventional diesel with biodiesel. Thus, the need to produce biodiesel in a financial wise manner that meets the above mentioned specifications is obvious. In this project an alkali catalyzed two-stage transesterification of mixtures of used oils is studied (olive oil, corn oil, soy oil, sunflower oil). This process is followed by an evaluation and quality control exercise of the end products. According to our initial results the factors controlling the quality of the end product are: I) The Free Fatty Acids (FFA) level in the used oils feedstock and iodine value; II) the amount of alkali catalyst (calculated by using an empirical formula introducing the previously mentioned FFA value); III) the proportion of different types of used oils in the reactant mixture, and its effect on some fuel properties like viscosity; the cloud point, lubricity, heating value and the pour point cold weather flow properties. From the different feedstock used, the used olive-oil meets the EN 14214 specifications but with the appropriate modifications all the above oils could be used to produce a biofuel of acceptable quality for surface transport uses. From the different used feedstock the used olive oil gave a fuel that meets the EN 14214 specifications for biodiesel used in transport vehicles. The rest used oils (cornoil, soybean oil, sunflower oil), produced biodiesel that meets the EN 14213 specifications of biodiesel used as heating oil. However, with the appropiate modifications (that are also proposed) in our methodology a fuel that meets both specifications can be produced. Incentives In a real scale the exploitation, recovery and recycling of used oils can only be done using mixtures of used oils given that many different types of used oils, with different FFA level, are disposed. To the best of our knowledge no other work accomplishing all of the following has been reported: 1. The development of a simple and safe methodology producing biodiesel of acceptable quality (under the EN 14214 or 14213 specifications) from a mixture of used oils feedstock. 2. The establishment of a simple formula of the quantity of the catalyst needed, depending on the FFA level of oils. 3. The estimation of the diesel fuel properties of the biodiesel product when the proportion of the types of used oils is known.
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| Issue date |
2005-07-01 |
| Date available |
2007-02-06 |
| Collection
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School/Department--School of Sciences and Engineering--Department of Chemistry--Post-graduate theses
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Type of Work--Post-graduate theses
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| Permanent Link |
https://elocus.lib.uoc.gr//dlib/f/f/b/metadata-dlib-2005terzakis.tkl
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| Views |
404 |
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