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Identifier

000402254

Title

Εγκεφαλικό οίδημα και μοριακοί μηχανισμοί που εμπλέκονται στην παθοφυσιολογία του

Alternative Title

Brain edema and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology

Author

Καραμπέτσος, Δημήτριος Α.

Thesis advisor

Θερμού, Κυριακή

Abstract

The cerebral edema is a common consequence of many heterogeneous pathologies, such as trauma, ischemia, infections, and CNS tumors. Also constitutes an important global cause of morbidity and mortality. The brain edema is defined as the net increase in the amount of water contained into the brain parenchyma and according to Igor Klatzo it is distinguished, based on the pathophysiology, in angiogenic and cytotoxic edema. A fundamental cause of development of the vasogenic edema is the disruption of the blood brain barrier, which is a very complex structure designed to ensure the almost complete and controlled isolation of the CNS so as to preserve a stable environment for the operation of the neurons. The cytotoxic edema, is attributed to the energy depletion of CNS cells, mainly due to ischemia. The resulting impairment of energy - dependent pumps of the cell membrane, allows uncontrolled ion flux into the cytoplasm, by specific ion channels. To restore osmotic equilibrium, water is moving intracellularly through specific water channels, the aquaporins, resulting in cell swelling and ultimately in cell death through "oncosis' process. The aquaporins are transmembrane proteins with water channel properties. One of these, AQP4, is predominantly expressed in the perivascular astrocyte endings and it is responsible for the rapid movement of water into and out of the cell. Experimental animal studies with AQP4-null animals, demonstrated that the specific protein is responsible for the rapid depletion of the fluid of the vasogenic edema, while, on the other hand, it is also responsible for the entry of water into the cells in cytotoxic edema. Another member of the family of aquaporins, the AQP1, seems to play an important role in the production and transport of the CSF, which implements a possible participation in CSF disorders such as hydrocephalus. The development of specific inhibitors or inductors of aquaporins could be a hope for a new therapeutic approach of cerebral edema, which however has not been possible yet.

Language

Greek

Subject

AQPS

Aquaporins

Cerebral edema

Citotoxic

Vasogenic

Ακουαπορίνες

Κυτταροτοξικό

Issue date

2016-07-19