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Identifier

000375033

Title

Ανάπτυξη μεθοδολογίας για την ανάλυση οργανικών υλικών σε αρχαιολογικά και ιστορικά αντικείμενα με τη φασματοσκοπία μαγνητικού πυρηνικού συντονισμού (NMR)

Alternative Title

Development of a methodology for the analysis of organic materials in archaeological and historical objects with the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy

Author

Καρτσωνάκη, Ευπραξία Γεωρ.

Thesis advisor

Σπύρος, Απόστολος

Reviewer

Νταής, Φώτης
Αγγλος, Δημήτριος
Κατερινόπουλος, Χαράλαμπος
Χανιωτάκης, Νικόλαος
Περγαντής, Σπυρίδων
Δημάδης, Κωνσταντίνος

Abstract

The purpose of this study was the development of a methodology for the analysis of organic materials in archaeological and historical objects with the use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy. The identification of organic materials from archaeological and historical contexts pertains to the wider research area of archaeometry and gives rise to important information regarding the manufacture and use of the artefacts under scrutiny. Archaeometry is an interdisciplinary field that draws analytical tools from the physical sciences in order to answer context-specific questions within the framework of archaeological, historical, as well as conservation science research. The analysis and identification of organic materials presents with a particularly complex and demanding task. The observed complexity is due to three main factors. Firstly, the organic materials used during the time period of interest for archaeology and history consist of entirely natural products, which usually include complex mixtures of organic molecules. On the other hand, past craftsmen and artists often mixed materials in order to achieve the desired properties, adding thus an additional level of complexity to the composition of the mixture. Lastly, with the passing of time and ageing, the molecules involved are altered through oxidisation, hydrolysis, polymerisation, and/or fragmentation, rendering the identification of the original materials used in the archaeological/historical objects a mostly difficult task. For the purposes of this study the chosen analytical technique was NMR spectroscopy. Even though it comprises a very powerful and effective method for the molecular characterisation of organic materials, since with the use of 2D homonuclear and heteronuclear NMR experiments it is possible to identify organic molecules in a complex mixture without prior separation of its contents, it is clearly underrepresented within the archaeometric studies. The advantages it presents compared to other techniques include the experimental simplicity during sample preparation, as well as the non-destructive character regarding the sample, as it is retrieved quantitatively at the end of the experiment. For the purposes of this study two groups of materials were chosen, which areknown to have been used by past craftsmen and artists in the archaeological/historical record, as reference samples. The first group consists of natural animal and plant waxes and the second includes natural terpenoid resins. The aim of the study was to analyse all the wax and resin samples with one-dimensional (1D) and twodimensional (2D) NMR experiments, in order to identify specific molecules – markers characteristic of each material. The second part of the study involved the analysis of samples from wall paintings from Pompeii, as well as varnish layers from paintings, where the identification of organic materials was made possible with the use of NMR Spectroscopy.

Language

Greek

Subject

Archaeometry

Natural waxes

Terpenoid resins

Αρχαιομετρία

Πυρηνικός μαγνητικός συντονισμός

Τερπενοειδείς ρητίνες

Φυσικά κεριά

Issue date

2012-06-22