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Identifier

000443451

Title

Role of myelination in Hippocampal inhibitory neurons

Alternative Title

Ο ρόλος της μυελίνωσης στους διάμεσους νευρώνες του Ιππόκαμπου

Author

Πετσαγγουράκη, Σοφία Γ.

Thesis advisor

Καραγωγέως, Δόμνα

Abstract

Interneurons are inhibitory neurons that release the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and make up 10-15% of the total number of cells in the nervous system. Despite their small population, they are necessary for the balance between excitation and inhibition in the nervous system and for the prevention of potential overexcitation and toxicity. Thus they become vulnerable to others leading to neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, it has been discovered that a large part of the myelin of the neocortex and hippocampus of mice and humans is attributed to interneurons such as parvalvumin (PV), implying their involvement in demyelinating diseases. Myelin is lipid-rich membranous extension of the plasma membrane of oligodrondrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells in the periphery, enclosing the axons. Myelin sheaths are responsible for the insulation, rapid conversion of energy potentials and the metabolic support of the axons. The process of myelin deposition in the axons is also known as myelination. The myelin of interneurons differs from that of excitatory neurons, while the mechanism of myelination as well as the way in which the Ranvier Nodes and the perinodal areas are occupied by their protein components remains unknown. Further studies on hippocampal inhibitory neurons have shown the presence of protein components in the proximal regions, and more specifically the selective expression of the TAG-1 / CNTN2 protein of the immunoglobulin family in these regions. Through the present work we seek 1) the understanding of the role of myelin in the interneurons during their maturation and at the same time we lay the foundation for 2) the understanding of the function of the medullary interneurons through models of demyelination or dysfunctional myelination.

Language

English

Subject

Demyelination

Hippocampus

Interneurons

TAG-1

Απομυελίνωση

Ενδονευρώνες

Ιππόκαμπος

Μυελίνωση

Issue date