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Identifier

000417116

Title

Measuring internet connectivity between user populations using active measurements

Alternative Title

Μέτρηση της διαδικτυακής σύνδεσης πληθυσμών χρηστών με χρήση ενεργών μετρήσεων

Author

Γκίγκης, Πέτρος Χ

Thesis advisor

Δημητρόπουλος, Ξενοφώντας

Reviewer

Παπαδοπούλη, Μαρία
Τσακαλίδης, Παναγιώτης

Abstract

The Internet is getting better and better at delivering content to end-users; this shift is spearheaded by Internet giants such as Google and Facebook. Nevertheless, a number of applications (e.g., peer-to-peer, Blockchain) rely on user-to-user connections, which raises the –still open– question of how end-users are connected with each other. This is further stressed by the fact that multiple suspicious incidents of path manipulation for user- to-user communications have been reported. In this work, we use active measurements (i.e., traceroutes between RIPE Atlas vantage points) and publicly available datasets to explore the interconnectivity of the user-facing networks with the largest user populations in any given country. We combine user population per autonomous system (AS) estimates from APNIC with data plane measurements and provide insights into the user-to-user connectivity for 114 countries, over time. In order to study per-country interconnectivity, we construct a framework that stores and processes massive traceroute datasets, making refined results available via an online public API. On a monthly basis, we analyze ∼420K traceroute paths, from ∼3,5K RIPE Atlas probes in ∼2,6K ASes. We derive statistics and comparisons between countries in terms of: (i) out-of-country vs. in-country paths, (ii) direct connections vs. intermediary networks, (iii) IXP crossings vs. non-IXP crossing paths. We discover among other findings that over time 20% to 50% of the user-to-user connections in Greece cross an IXP; while in the U.S., the fraction of such connections is only ∼3%. We also propose a methodology to infer the transit betweenness of networks in the user-to-user paths. For example, in the U.S. 8% of the user-to-user connections flow through the incumbent provider, consistently in time. Besides, we go beyond eyeball networks, and focus on the differences between the two Internet protocols (IPv4/IPv6) in terms of path lengths, paths staying in or going out of a country, as well as IXP crossings. We observe paths in IPv6 to be shorter than IPv4 for almost all countries. Moreover, in the U.S. the fraction of paths that cross an IXP in IPv6 is ∼50%; two times more than in IPv4. Finally, we evaluate the coverage of RIPE Atlas on user populations around the globe.

Language

English

Subject

Computer networking

Internet measurement

Routing

Διαδικτυακές μετρήσεις

Δικτύωση Υπολογιστών

Δρομολόγηση

Issue date

2018-07-20

Collection